As my regular readers of my blog know, I work in the commercial aviation field, so anything that goes on with aviation has my interest. There was a blerp on my company website about tomorrow being the 100 years of commercial aviation. Sometimes this boggles the mind, aviation has been around for a little over 100 years at this point and soo much has happened in this time, it makes me wonder what the next 100 years will bring to the world as aviation makes the world smaller and easier for everybody that wants to to see the world. I pulled this article from several different sources and some of the pics are compliments of "google"
Almost 100
years ago, on January 1, 1914, a small plane lifted from the water in
St. Petersburg’s downtown with just one passenger, launching
the world’s first regularly scheduled commercial airline flight.
The
idea of the airline was Percy Fansler’s. Percy was an engineer from
Jacksonville, Florida. His vision convinced a dozen St. Petersburg
business men and the Board of Trade to invest in a commercial airline to
fly from St. Petersburg to Tampa, just ten years after the Wright
brothers’ first flight. The St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line was born.
The First Passenger

The first
passenger, former St. Petersburg Mayor Abe Pheil, paid $400 at an
auction for the flight to Tampa. His pilot was the young aviation
pioneer Tony Jannus. The airline operated two scheduled roundtrips
daily across Tampa Bay, Florida, with two bi-wing seaplanes called
“Benoist Airboats.” Regular one-way fare was $5.00
With average
airspeeds of 60 mph, flight time between the Bay Cities was just 23
minutes – a fraction of the time required for the trip by car, rail or
boat. That first New Year’s Day flight heralded what we have since come
to know as “The Birth of The Global Airline Industry.”
Jan. 1 will mark the 100th anniversary of the first commercial aviation
flight and the creation of the first commercial airline.
On New Year’s Day 1914, pioneer aviator Tony Jannus, piloting a Benoist
Airboat Bi-Plane with one paying passenger, took off from the St.
Petersburg, Fla., yacht basin for a short promotional flight across the
bay to Tampa, Fla. The Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum and
aviation historians acknowledge the aircraft owner, the St.
Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line, as the world’s first airline.
At 10 a.m. on Jan. 1, 2014, Kermit Weeks, the founder and CEO of
Fantasy of Flight in Tampa, plans to fly his full-scale reproduction of
the original Benoist bi-plane across Tampa Bay from St. Petersburg’s
North Yacht Basin to the Peter O. Knight Seaplane Basin in Tampa.
The Story of the World’s First Airline
(This account is adapted from The Making of St. Petersburg by Will Michaels, Published by the History Press, 2012)
Each
year, the Tony Jannus Distinguished Aviation Society celebrates the
world’s first airline and its record-breaking pilot, Tony Jannus. And
where was this airline? New York? Chicago? London? Berlin? No. The
world’s first airline originated in St. Petersburg, Florida.
The world’s first regularly scheduled heavier-than-air airline took off
from the Municipal Pier in St. Petersburg on New Year’s Day 1914. The
airline was known as the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. It was
organized just a few months before that New Year’s first takeoff. The
airline was the brainchild of Percival E. Fansler, a Jacksonville-based
electrical engineer. Fansler enlisted the support of Thomas Benoist
(pronounced ben-wah), an early airplane manufacturer who provided the
planes-or, more precisely, the airboats. The airboat was known as
Benoist Airboat Model XIV, no. 43. The model number referred to the year
in which the plane was to be offered for sale (1914). The number
indicated that it was the forty-third aircraft to be built from
initiation of the Benoist Aeroplane Company. The Benoist Airboat was an
early version of what we now know as a seaplane, able to take off and
land on water. This was a necessity at the time as St. Petersburg had
plenty of water but no airports. Airboat no. 43 was supplemented a
little later by a second airboat, no. 45. The two airboats made up the
airline’s total fleet. No. 43 accommodated one passenger in addition to
the pilot. No. 45 was somewhat larger and capable of accommodating two.
Benoist also provided the pilot, Antony Habersack Jannus. Tony Jannus
was a test pilot for Benoist who set early records for passenger flight
time and for overwater flight in 1913, and he was the pilot when Albert
Berry made the first successful parachute jump. He also held the first
federal airline license.
Mural by George Snow Hill at Tampa International Airport.
But
this world first would never have been possible without the backing of
Board of Trade manager L.A. Whitney and businessman and later city mayor
Noel Mitchell. In order to make his plan for a new airline work,
Fansler needed the support of the St. Petersburg business community and
the city’s government. He also needed a subsidy to help reduce the
financial risk to Tom Benoist. Fansler made his
proposal to Whitney, who immediately pledged $1,200 to subsidize the
airline. Whitney then referred Fansler to Mitchell, who pledged another
$1,000. Mitchell then gathered eleven other local investors to pledge
$100 each to start the airline. Mitchell even got the city to build a
hangar for the airboat on the South Mole of the municipal pier, at the
foot of Second Avenue Northeast.
“Tony Jannus Will Make First Flight Thursday,” read the headline of the St. Petersburg Daily Times on
December 30, 1913. On January 1, three thousand people gathered to see
the first flight of this fledgling airline. This was a huge crowd for
the city considering that the permanent population was perhaps seven
thousand people at the time. Among the crowd was the humorist Will
Rogers, who was performing at the Johnny Jones Circus in St. Petersburg.
In a charity auction to raffle off the first flight ticket, former St.
Petersburg mayor Abe Pheil bid $400 for the privilege of being the first
passenger. Invited to say a few words just prior to takeoff, Percy
Fansler commented, “The Airboat Line to Tampa will be only a forerunner
of great activity along these lines in the near future…what was
impossible yesterday is an accomplishment of today-while tomorrow
heralds the unbelievable.”
Tony Jannus at the controls of
a Benoist plane, 1913.
Jannus
then took off, skimming across the bay at a height of fifty feet.
After a twenty-three minute flight, including a brief landing on the bay
to make adjustments to the propeller drive chain, Jannus and his single
passenger, Ave Pheil, touched down on the Hillsborough River in Tampa.
An even larger crowd of 3,500 greeted the Benoist in Tampa. Tampa mayor Donald B. McKay welcomed Jannus and Pheil. The return trip took only twenty minutes.
Upon arrival back in St. Petersburg, Jannus dropped his flight
goggles, breaking the glass. Ten-year-old Judy Bryan ducked under the
rope holding back the crowd. Running up to Jannus, she asked if she
could have the goggles. Without hesitation, he gave them to her. Then he
removed one of the brightly lettered Benoist pennants from the wing and handed that to her also.
In the weeks that followed, Jannus made at least two regularly
scheduled round trips a day between St. Petersburg and Tampa, carrying
everything from Swift hams to bundles of the St. Petersburg Daily Times (now the Tampa Bay Times).
Cost of a passenger ticket was $5 each way and $5 for each one hundred
pounds of freight. This was not cheap, as $5 in 1914, adjusted for
inflation, is valued at $115 in 2012. While $5 per trip was high
compared with the cost of rail or steamship, it barely covered the costs
of operations. When Tom Benoist was asked how he could cover his costs
and make a profit, he stated, “There are at present about 30,000
tourists in the area and I believe a great many of them will patronize
the airboat line to save time. Besides, I am anxious to demonstrate the
capability and practicality of aerial transportation at a price anyone
can afford even if such a low rate means a revenue loss to me, for
today’s loss could very well be tomorrow’s profit.”

Jannus lauded his time in the Tampa Bay area. In April 1914, he wrote in Aero and Hydro magazine,
“All told we believe that our work has stamped St. Petersburg as the
aviation headquarters of Florida and this is largely due to the hearty
cooperation of the city and citizens of the town. There are now hangars
that will hold four large [flying] machines and plenty of room to put
more and I must say that Tampa Bay is a fine place to fly in winter.”
Finally, as the tourist season wore down, the airline suspended its
daily operations on March 31. The airline continued for another month
with a reduced schedule and flights upon request. The last flight was on
May 5. The airline did not break even but came close to it. It appears
to have been self-sustaining in two of its three months of operation. In
January, it only flew eighteen days. The amount of subsidy drawn from
the business community ranged between $540 and $1,740. The exact
financial net of its operations is unclear. Given more time for
marketing and optimizing operational efficiency, the airline may very
well have turned a profit.

The Benoist no. 43, also known as the Lark of Duluth,
was actually owned by banker Julius Barnes of Duluth, Minnesota. He had
either loaned it or sold it back to the Benoist Company for use in the
St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. According to aviation historian
Warren Brown, after the airline closed, no. 45 was sold to Roger Jannus.
Roger Jannus then sold the airboat, and it was taken to San Diego,
where it crashed in the ocean in February 1915. Several local aviation
enthusiasts bought Benoist Airboat no. 43 and took it
to Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania. The plane crashed but was rebuilt and
named the Florida. The Florida was brought back to St. Petersburg, and
Tony Jannus returned to fly it. On February 25, 1915, the flying boat
crashed in the bay after a wing broke. It was again rebuilt. In November
1916, no. 43 was placed in storage, and after that was lost to history.
Thomas Benoist.
Tony
Jannus was killed in World War I in an accident while training Russian
pilots over the Black Sea for the Curtiss Aeroplane Company. His
brother, Roger Jannus, enlisted in the Aviation Branch of the United
States Signal Corps during World War I and was killed in 1918 at
Issoudon, France, when his de Havilland-4 burst into flames in midair.
(The de Havilland was known as the “Flying Coffin.”) In referring to
Tony Jannus, R.E.G. Davies, curator of air transport at the Smithsonian
Institution National Air and Space Museum, said it best, “Of all the
early aviators, his career and achievements were possibly the most
influential before the outbreak of the First World War. Had Jannus
lived, Charles Lindberg would have had a worthy rival.”
Jannus’
achievements and the significance of the world’s first airline have
long been recognized. In 1964, the St. Petersburg and Tampa Chambers of
Commerce established the Tony Jannus Distinguished Aviation Society to
annually honor Jannus and the first airline. The Jannus Society’s annual
award is known as civil aviation’s premier recognition for
extraordinary accomplishment. Past recipients include such aviation
icons as Donald Douglas, Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, Lieutenant General
James H. Doolittle, Frank Borman, Charles Yeager, Sir Freddie Laker and
Norman Mineta. Portraits of Jannus and the first airline painted by
1930s Works Progress Administration muralist George Snow Hill hang at
Tampa International Airport. Jannus was also inducted into the Florida
Aviation Hall of Fame.
A new wing was built
at the St. Petersburg Museum of History in 1992, dedicated to a
permanent exhibit featuring the first airline and its founders. This
includes a flying reproduction of the Benoist no. 43.
The goggles and pennant given by Tony Jannus to ten-year-old Judy Bryan,
along with a full-size working replica of the Benoist Airboat and other
memorabilia relating to the first flight, are on permanent exhibit.
Another replica hangs at the St. Petersburg–Clearwater International
Airport. In 2006, Tony Jannus’ portrait was added to the First Flight
Shrine at the Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kitty Hawk, North
Carolina. He was designated “A Great Floridian” by the State of Florida
in 2010. Downtown St. Petersburg's Jannus Landing entertainment center
is named after the famed pilot.
In 2010, the American Institute
of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) designated the Central Yacht
Basin in St. Petersburg as a Historic Aerospace Site-the place of the
first commercial airline flight. In 2011, astronaut Nicole Stott carried
the original Benoist pennant on the thirty-ninth and
final flight of space shuttle Discovery (STS-133). In 2012, efforts were
underway to plan the celebration of the centennial of the first airline
in 2014, including petitioning of the U.S. Postal Service for the
issuing of a Centennial/Jannus commemorative stamp.
The
contributions of Percy Fansler and Thomas Benoist have been overshadowed
by Tony Jannus over the years. While Jannus was the chief pilot of the
St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line and effectively served as its public
face, the company could not have accomplished what it did without
Fansler and Benoist. The idea of the airline was Fansler’s. It was he
who enlisted the sponsorship of the Benoist Company, sold the project to
the St. Petersburg business community and city government and served as
airline manager. Tom Benoist provided the planes and chief pilot Tony
Jannus and agreed to operate the airline on a break-even basis. Percival
E. Fansler and Tony Jannus were inducted into the Florida Aviation Hall
of Fame in 2003. Thomas Benoist was inducted in 2012.
This
is a story of both a Florida and world "first." But it is also the story
of a future-oriented community that appreciated the latest in invention
and was willing to take a risk to see whether the concept of an airline
could be of practical value to a booming Florida area - and further add
to that boom. While the airline did not quite make a profit, it paid
other dividends. Commenting on the significance of the airline, Tom
Benoist, the builder of the Benoist airboat said,
"Someday people will be crossing oceans on airliners like they do on
steamships today." The airline served as a prototype for the future.
Others would build upon the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line’s
experience to create the multi-billion dollar aviation business that the
world enjoys today
“To me, flying is
not the successful defying of death but the indulgence in the poetry of
mechanical motion, a dustless, relatively bumpless, fascinating
sensation of speed; and abstraction from things material into an
infinite space; and abandon that is more exciting but less irritating
than any other form of mechanical propulsion…Florida is a live, wide
-awake place for aviators and St. Petersburg is the best town for that
purpose…”
Tony Jannus, 1914.